ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of photoselective green laser vaporization of bladder tumor (PVBT). Methods A total of 522 patients with bladder tumor were enrolled in present study from January 2010 to May 2015, including 405 cases of non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and 117 cases of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). All of patients were treated with PVBT and intravesical instillation of epirubicin. Patients with MIBC received intravenous chemotherapy (kisi-hama and cisplatin). Results The hospitalization time was (7.32±1.28) days, the operation time was (27.08±5.36) min, and the indwelling urinary catheter was (2.42±0.34) days for patients in NMIBC group. During the follow-up period (12-60 months), 38 cases (9.4％) relapsed, of which 3 cases underwent radical cystectomy, and other 35 cases underwent PVBT again. All 405 patients were alive at the end of follow-ups. The hospitalization time was(26.18 ± 1.92) days, the operation time was (38.32 ± 6.54) min, and the time of indwelling urinary catheter was (2.72 ± 0.85) days for patients of MIBC group. During the follow-up period (12-60 months), 19 cases (16.2％) relapsed. Among them, 4 patients underwent radical cystectomy, and other 15 cases underwent PVBT. Six patients died from distant organ metastasis (including 2 cases of pulmonary metastasis and 4 cases of bone metastasis), and other 111 patients survived. Conclusion PVBT is safe and effective in the clinical application, especially for NMIBC and MIBC patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo radical cystectomy.
ABSTRACT
It has been widely verified by various sorting methods that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in different types of tumor cells or tissues. However, due to lack of specific stem cell surface markers, CSCs are very difficult to be separated from some cancer cells, which becomes the key barrier of functional studies of CSCs. The sorting method by side population cells (SP) lays a solid foundation for in-depth and comprehensive study of CSCs. To identify the existence of SP in prostate cancer cell lines, we applied flow cytometry sorting by SP to cultures of prostate cancer cell lines (TSU, LnCap, and PC-3), and the cancer stem-like characteristics of SP were verified through experiments in vitro and in vivo. The proportion of SP in TSU cells was calculated to be 1.60%±0.40% [Formula: see text], and that in PC-3 and LnCap cells was calculated to be 0.80%±0.05% and 0.60%±0.20%, respectively. The colony formation assay demonstrated that the colony formation rate of SP to non-SP sorted from TSU via flow cytometry was 0.495±0.038 to 0.177±0.029 in 500 cells, 0.505±0.026 to 0.169±0.024 in 250 cells, and 0.088±0.016 to 0.043±0.012 in 125 cells respectively. In the in vivo experiments, tumors were observed in all the mice on the 10th day after injecting 50 000 cells subcutaneously in SP group, whereas when 5×10(6) cells were injected in non-SP group, tumors were developed in only 4 out of 8 mice until the 3rd week before the end of the experiment. Our results revealed that prostate cancer cells contain a small subset of cells, called SP, possessing much greater capacity of colony formation and tumorigenic potential than non-SP. These suggest that SP in prostate cancer cells may play a key role in the self-renewal and proliferation, and have the characteristics of cancer stem-like cells. Dissecting these features will provide a new understanding of the function of prostate CSCs in tumorigenicity and transformation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cell Line, Tumor , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms , Pathology , Side-Population Cells , PathologyABSTRACT
It has been widely verified by various sorting methods that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in different types of tumor cells or tissues. However, due to lack of specific stem cell surface markers, CSCs are very difficult to be separated from some cancer cells, which becomes the key barrier of functional studies of CSCs. The sorting method by side population cells (SP) lays a solid foundation for in-depth and comprehensive study of CSCs. To identify the existence of SP in prostate cancer cell lines, we applied flow cytometry sorting by SP to cultures of prostate cancer cell lines (TSU, LnCap, and PC-3), and the cancer stem-like characteristics of SP were verified through experiments in vitro and in vivo. The proportion of SP in TSU cells was calculated to be 1.60%±0.40% [Formula: see text], and that in PC-3 and LnCap cells was calculated to be 0.80%±0.05% and 0.60%±0.20%, respectively. The colony formation assay demonstrated that the colony formation rate of SP to non-SP sorted from TSU via flow cytometry was 0.495±0.038 to 0.177±0.029 in 500 cells, 0.505±0.026 to 0.169±0.024 in 250 cells, and 0.088±0.016 to 0.043±0.012 in 125 cells respectively. In the in vivo experiments, tumors were observed in all the mice on the 10th day after injecting 50 000 cells subcutaneously in SP group, whereas when 5×10(6) cells were injected in non-SP group, tumors were developed in only 4 out of 8 mice until the 3rd week before the end of the experiment. Our results revealed that prostate cancer cells contain a small subset of cells, called SP, possessing much greater capacity of colony formation and tumorigenic potential than non-SP. These suggest that SP in prostate cancer cells may play a key role in the self-renewal and proliferation, and have the characteristics of cancer stem-like cells. Dissecting these features will provide a new understanding of the function of prostate CSCs in tumorigenicity and transformation.